This paper also was useful, particularly as it concentrates on fruit juices (Tables 2, 3, 4). Grapefruit is definitely a problem, and some other items are definitely potential problems. I think this is one of those situations where you can over-react, so I like Table 6 as a summary. Table 6 is the most useful, as it concentrates on clinically relevant interactions with 3A4. The color coding relates to the evidence available and is explained in Table 1. So “AUC increased 2.6 fold” means you have 2.6 times the expected exposure to the drug. Table 2 is all about AUC (= Area Under the Curve, the curve being a graph of blood levels of drug over time) - the bigger the AUC, the larger the exposure to the drug. This is probably the most comprehensive listing I found (note: recent but pre-proof).
Some things act as inhibitors of the enzymes (so they don’t metabolize as well, resulting in higher than intended drug levels) some act as inducers, increasing levels of the enzymes and thus reducing drug levels. Hmmm - having done this sort of thing for a living (but long retired), I thought to myself, “I’ll just google up some review or other with a list of foods…” Much more difficult than I was expecting.Ĭytochrome P450 exists in a whole bunch of isoforms (variations) many of which are involved in the metabolism of drugs and foodstuffs (isoform 3A4 being the most problematic). How Well Do You Know the Grapefruit Drug Interaction? cyclosporine).4 The impact of other bergamottin sources is unclear. Repeated consumption has a greater effect than one exposure but certain medications’ effects are sensitive to consistent drug levels (e.g. containing Seville orange peels), and bergamot-flavored products (including pharmaceuticals) are often overlooked sources of bergamot oil.Įating a whole grapefruit or drinking a cup of grapefruit juice can cause a clinically significant interaction with a host of medications.
STATINS AND GRAPEFRUIT BEER SKIN
Oil of bergamot contains a litany of phototoxic and carcinogenic compounds, including bergamottin and psoralen, which cause redness and increase skin cancer risk after sun exposure.2īergamot oil contains anti-cholesterol compounds these compounds worsen bergamottin’s statin-boosting effects.3 Earl Grey tea, certain fruit jams (e.g.
Skincare products, perfumes, and food flavorings use its namesake the bergamot orange but consumers rarely eat the whole fruit. You may encounter bergamot oil.īergamottin is in more than just grapefruit. I don’t think bergamot oranges are something you often encounter as a fresh fruit, certainly not to eat in any substantial quantity because they are sour.
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